在这课教程我们将学习怎样利用 PHP 处理cookies,我将试着使事情尽可能简单地去解释cookies的一些实际应用。
什么是cookies及作用?
cookies是由web服务器产生的并且存在客户端的一些信息。它嵌在html信息中,由服务器端指定,在客户端及服务器端间传递信息
。它通常用来:用户网页个性化,计数器,储存被浏览站点的信息等。
cookies和php
在 PHP中用cookies是相当容易的。可以使用setcookie函数设置一个cookie。cookie是 HTTP标头的一部分, 因此设置cookie功能必须在任何内容送到浏览器之前。这种限制与header()函数一样。任何从客户端传来的cookie将自动地转化成一个PHP变量。PHP取得信息头并分析, 提取cookie名并变成变量。因此,如果你设置cookie如setcookie("mycookie","wang");php将自动产生一个名为$mycookie,值为"wang"的变量.
先让我们复习一下setcookie函数语法:
setcookie(string CookieName, string CookieValue, int CookieExpireTime, path, domain, int secure);
PATH:表示web服务器上的目录,默认为被调用页面所在目录
DOMAIN:cookie可以使用的域名,默认为被调用页面的域名。这个域名必须包含两个".",所以如果你指定你的顶级域名,你必须用".mydomain.com"
SECURE:如果设为"1",表示cookie只能被用户的浏览器认为是安全的服务器所记住
应用:
对于一个需要注册的站点,将自动识别用户的身份,并发送给它信息,如果是陌生人,将告诉他请先注册。我们按下面给出的信息创建一个小型数 据库:名字(first name),姓(last name),email地址(email address),计数器(visit counter).
按下面步骤建表:
mysql> create database users;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> use users;
Database changed
mysql> create table info (FirstName varchar(20), LastName varchar(40),
email varchar(40), count varchar(3));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
好,现在有了符合要求的表,我们可以建一个php页面对照数据库检查cookies.
########################index.php##################################
if (isset($Example)) { //Begin instructions for existing Cookie
$info = explode("&", $Example);
$FirstName=$info[0];
$LastName=$info[1];
$email=$info[2];
$count=$info[3];
$count++;
$CookieString=$FirstName.'&'.$LastName.'&'.$email.'&'.$count;
SetCookie ("Example",$CookieString, time()+3600); //设一新的cookie
echo"
Hello $FirstName $LastName, this is your visit number: $count
Your email address is: $email
";
mysql_connect() or die ("Problem connecting to DataBase"); //update DB
$query = "update info set count=$count where FirstName='$FirstName' and
LastName='$LastName' and email='$email'";
$result = mysql_db_query("users", $query) or die ("Problems .... ");
} //End Existing cookie instructions
else { //Begin inctructions for no Cookie
echo "
Click Here for Site Registration
";
} //End No Cookie instructions
?>
注意:如果你用的是一个远程mysql服务器或unix服务器,你应用下面语句
mysql_connect ("server","username","password") or die ("Problem connecting to DataBase");
我们想检查是否一个被指定名字的cookie在html头部分传送,记住,php能转换可识别的cookie为相应的变量,所以我们能检查一个名为"Example" 的变量:
if (isset($Example)) { //Begin instructions for existing Cookie
...
} else {
...
}
如果这个cookie存在,我们将计数器加一,并打印用户信息,如果这个cookie不存在,我们建议用户先注册
如果cookie存在,我们执行下面步骤:
if (isset($Example)) { //Begin instructions for existing Cookie
$info = explode("&", $Example); //split the string to variables
$FirstName=$info[0];
$LastName=$info[1];
$email=$info[2];
$count=$info[3];
$count++;
$CookieString=$FirstName.'&'.$LastName.'&'.$email.'&'.$count;
SetCookie ("Example",$CookieString, time()+3600); //setting a new cookie
echo"
Hello $FirstName $LastName, this is your visit number: $count
Your email address is: $email
";
mysql_connect() or die ("Problem connecting to DataBase"); //update DB
$query = "update info set count=$count where FirstName='$FirstName' and
LastName='$LastName' and email='$email'";
$result = mysql_db_query("users", $query) or die ("Problems .... ");
} //End Existing cookie instructions
上面的程序有3个主要部分:首先取得cookie值,用explode函数分成不同的变量,增加计数器,并设一新cookie.接着用html语句输出用户信息。最后,用新的计数器值更新数据库。
如果这个cookie不存,下面的程序将被执行:
else { //Begin inctructions for no Cookie
echo "
Click Here for Site Registration
";
} //End No Cookie instructions
下面reg.php简单列出到注册页面的链接
#############################reg.php#############################
Registering the site
在所有的信息被提交后调用另一php文件分析这些信息
##############################reg1.php####################################
if ($FirstName and $LastName and $email)
{
mysql_connect() or die ("Problem connecting to DataBase");
$query="select * from info where FirstName='$FirstName' and
LastName='$LastName' and email='$email'";
$result = mysql_db_query("users", $query);
$r=mysql_fetch_array($result);
$count=$r["count"];
if (isset($count)) {
$CookieString=$FirstName.'&'.$LastName.'&'.$email.'&'.$count;
SetCookie ("Example",$CookieString, time()+3600);
echo "
user $FirstName $LastName already exists. Using the existing
info.
";echo "
} else {
$count = '1';
$query = "insert into info values
('$FirstName','$LastName','$email','$count')";
$result = mysql_db_query("users", $query);
$CookieString=$FirstName.'&'.$LastName.'&'.$email.'&'.$count;
SetCookie ("Example",$CookieString, time()+3600);
echo "Thank you for registering.
";
}
} else { echo "Sorry, some information is missing. Please go back and add all
the information"; }
?>
首先检查所有的信息是否按要求填写,如果没有,返回重新输入
if ($FirstName and $LastName and $email)
{
...
} else { echo "Sorry, some information is missing. Please go back and add all
the information"; }
?>
如果所有信息填好,将执行下面:
mysql_connect() or die ("Problem connecting to DataBase");
$query="select * from info where FirstName='$FirstName' and
LastName='$LastName' and email='$email'";
$result = mysql_db_query("users", $query);
$r=mysql_fetch_array($result);
$count=$r["count"];
if (isset($count)) {
$count++;
$CookieString=$FirstName.'&'.$LastName.'&'.$email.'&'.$count;
SetCookie ("Example",$CookieString, time()+3600);
echo "
user $FirstName $LastName already exists. Using the existing
info.
";echo "
} else {
$count = '1'; //new visitor - set counter to 1.
$query = "insert into info values
('$FirstName','$LastName','$email','$count')";
$result = mysql_db_query("users", $query);
$CookieString=$FirstName.'&'.$LastName.'&'.$email.'&'.$count;
SetCookie ("Example",$CookieString, time()+3600);
echo "Thank you for registering.
";
这段程序做了几件工作:它检查数据库是否有这样一个用户(如果没有,也就是说,这个cookie已被删除),如果有,它指定旧的信息,并用当前的信息建一新的cookie,如果同一用户没有数据库登录,新建一数据库登录,并建一新的cookie.
首先,我们从数据库中取回用户登录详细资料
mysql_connect() or die ("Problem connecting to DataBase");
$query="select * from info where FirstName='$FirstName' and
LastName='$LastName' and email='$email'";
$result = mysql_db_query("users", $query);
$r=mysql_fetch_array($result);
$count=$r["count"];
现在检查是否有一计数器为这用户,利用isset()函数
if (isset($count)) {
...
} else {
...
}
计数器增加并新建一cookie
$count++; //increase counter
$CookieString=$FirstName.'&'.$LastName.'&'.$email.'&'.$count;
SetCookie ("Example",$CookieString, time()+3600);
echo "
user $FirstName $LastName already exists. Using the existing info.
";echo "
如果没有一用户计数器,在mysql中加一记录,并设一cookie
注意:在任何时候,setcookie放在输送任何资料到浏览器之前,否则得到错误信息
#####################################################
---advance翻译,有不恰之处,请qianjinok@china.com-------