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SQL Server解析XML数据的方法详解

发布时间:2016-06-08 作者:佚名 来源:转载
这篇文章主要介绍了SQLServer解析XML数据的方法,结合实例形式详细分析了SQLServer针对xml数据的读取,遍历,删除,查找等常用操作技巧,具有一定参考借鉴价值,需要的朋友可以参考下

本文实例讲述了SQL Server解析XML数据的方法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:

--5.读取XML
--下面为多种方法从XML中读取EMAIL
DECLARE @x XML
SELECT @x = '

  
    dongsheng@xxyy.com
    678945546
    36575
  
'
-- 方法1
SELECT @x.value('data(/People/dongsheng/Info[@Name="Email"])[1]', 'varchar(30)')
-- 方法2
SELECT @x.value('(/People/dongsheng/Info[@Name="Email"])[1]', 'varchar(30)')
-- 方法3
SELECT
  C.value('.','varchar(30)')
FROM @x.nodes('/People/dongsheng/Info[@Name="Email"]') T(C)
-- 方法4
SELECT
  C.value('(Info[@Name="Email"])[1]','varchar(30)')
FROM @x.nodes('/People/dongsheng') T(C)
-- 方法5
SELECT
  C.value('(dongsheng/Info[@Name="Email"])[1]','varchar(30)')
FROM @x.nodes('/People') T(C)
-- 方法6
SELECT
  C.value('.','varchar(30)')
FROM @x.nodes('/People/dongsheng/Info') T(C)
WHERE C.value('(.[@Name="Email"])[1]','varchar(30)') IS NOT NULL
-- 方法7
SELECT
  C.value('.','varchar(30)')
FROM @x.nodes('/People/dongsheng/Info') T(C)
WHERE C.exist('(.[@Name="Email"])[1]') = 1
--6.Reading values from an XML variable
DECLARE @x XML
SELECT @x =
'
  
  
  
'
SELECT
  v.value('@Name[1]','VARCHAR(20)') AS Name,
  v.value('@Sex[1]','VARCHAR(20)') AS Sex
FROM @x.nodes('/Peoples/People') x(v)
--7.多属性过滤
DECLARE @x XML
SELECT @x = '

 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
'
--查询dept为IT的人员信息
  --方法1
  SELECT
    C.value('@NAME[1]','VARCHAR(10)') AS NAME,
    C.value('@SEX[1]','VARCHAR(10)') AS SEX,
    C.value('@QQ[1]','VARCHAR(20)') AS QQ
  FROM @x.nodes('/Employees/Employee[@dept="IT"]/Info') T(C)
  /*
  NAME   SEX    QQ
  ---------- ---------- --------------------
  dongsheng 男     5454545454
  土豆   女     5345454554
  */
  --方法2
  SELECT
    C.value('@NAME[1]','VARCHAR(10)') AS NAME,
    C.value('@SEX[1]','VARCHAR(10)') AS SEX,
    C.value('@QQ[1]','VARCHAR(20)') AS QQ
  FROM @x.nodes('//Employee[@dept="IT"]/*') T(C)
  /*
  NAME   SEX    QQ
  ---------- ---------- --------------------
  dongsheng 男     5454545454
  土豆   女     5345454554
  */
--查询出IT部门type为Permanent的员工
SELECT
  C.value('@NAME[1]','VARCHAR(10)') AS NAME,
  C.value('@SEX[1]','VARCHAR(10)') AS SEX,
  C.value('@QQ[1]','VARCHAR(20)') AS QQ
FROM @x.nodes('//Employee[@dept="IT"][@type="合同工"]/*') T(C)
/*
  NAME   SEX    QQ
  ---------- ---------- --------------------
  dongsheng 男     5454545454
*/
--12.从XML变量中删除元素
DECLARE @x XML
SELECT @x = '

 
   土豆
   
   5345454554
 
'
SET @x.modify('
  delete (/Peoples/People/SEX)[1]'
 )
SELECT @x
/*

 
  土豆
  5345454554
 

*/
--19.读取指定变量元素的值
DECLARE @x XML
SELECT @x = '

 
   dongsheng
   
   423545
 
 
   土豆
   
   123133
 
 
   choushuigou
   
   54543545
 

'
DECLARE @ElementName VARCHAR(20)
SELECT @ElementName = 'NAME'
SELECT c.value('.','VARCHAR(20)') AS NAME
FROM @x.nodes('/Peoples/People/*[local-name()=sql:variable("@ElementName")]') T(C)
/*
NAME
--------------------
dongsheng
土豆
choushuigou
*/
--20使用通配符读取元素值
--读取根元素的值
DECLARE @x1 XML
SELECT @x1 = 'dongsheng'
SELECT @x1.value('(/*/text())[1]','VARCHAR(20)') AS People --星号*代表一个元素
/*
People
--------------------
dongsheng
*/
--读取第二层元素的值
DECLARE  @x XML
SELECT @x = '
 
   dongsheng
   
   423545
 '
SELECT
  @x.value('(/*/*/text())[1]','VARCHAR(20)') AS NAME
/*
NAME
--------------------
dongsheng
*/
--读取第二个子元素的值
DECLARE  @x XML
SELECT @x = '
 
   dongsheng
   
   423545
 '
SELECT
  @x.value('(/*/*/text())[2]','VARCHAR(20)') AS SEX
/*
SEX
--------------------
男
*/
--读取所有第二层子元素值
DECLARE  @x XML
SELECT @x = '
 
   dongsheng
   
   423545
 '
SELECT
  C.value('.','VARCHAR(20)') AS value
FROM @x.nodes('/*/*') T(C)
/*
value
--------------------
dongsheng
男
423545
*/
--21.使用通配符读取元素名称
DECLARE @x XML
SELECT @x = 'dongsheng'
SELECT
  @x.value('local-name(/*[1])','VARCHAR(20)') AS ElementName
/*
ElementName
--------------------
People
*/
--读取根下第一个元素的名称和值
DECLARE  @x XML
SELECT @x = '
 
   dongsheng
   
 '
SELECT
  @x.value('local-name((/*/*)[1])','VARCHAR(20)') AS ElementName,
  @x.value('(/*/*/text())[1]','VARCHAR(20)') AS ElementValue
/*
ElementName     ElementValue
-------------------- --------------------
NAME         dongsheng
*/
--读取根下第二个元素的名称和值
DECLARE  @x XML
SELECT @x = '
 
   dongsheng
   
 '
SELECT
  @x.value('local-name((/*/*)[2])','VARCHAR(20)') AS ElementName,
  @x.value('(/*/*/text())[2]','VARCHAR(20)') AS ElementValue
/*
ElementName     ElementValue
-------------------- --------------------
SEX         男
*/
--读取根下所有的元素名称和值
DECLARE  @x XML
SELECT @x = '
 
   dongsheng
   
 '
SELECT
  C.value('local-name(.)','VARCHAR(20)') AS ElementName,
  C.value('.','VARCHAR(20)') AS ElementValue
FROM @x.nodes('/*/*') T(C)
/*
ElementName     ElementValue
-------------------- --------------------
NAME         dongsheng
SEX         男
*/
---22.查询元素数量
--如下Peoples根节点下有个People子节点。
DECLARE @x XML
SELECT @x = '

 
   dongsheng
   
 
 
   土豆
   
 
 
   choushuigou
   
 

'
SELECT  @x.value('count(/Peoples/People)','INT') AS Children
/*
Children
-----------
3
*/
--如下Peoples根节点下第一个子节点People下子节点的数量
SELECT  @x.value('count(/Peoples/People[1]/*)','INT') AS Children
/*
Children
-----------
2
*/
--某些时候我们可能不知道根节点和子节点的名称,可以用通配符来代替。
SELECT  @x.value('count(/*/*)','INT') AS ChildrenOfRoot,
     @x.value('count(/*/*[1]/*)','INT') AS ChildrenOfFirstChildElement
/*
ChildrenOfRoot ChildrenOfFirstChildElement
-------------- ---------------------------
3       2
*/
--23.查询属性的数量
DECLARE @x XML
SELECT @x = '

  
  
'
--查询跟节点的属性数量
SELECT  @x.value('count(/Employees/@*)','INT') AS AttributeCountOfRoot
/*
AttributeCountOfRoot
--------------------
1
*/
--第一个Employee节点的属性数量
SELECT  @x.value('count(/Employees/Employee[1]/@*)','INT') AS AttributeCountOfFirstElement
/*
AttributeCountOfFirstElement
----------------------------
3
*/
--第二个Employee节点的属性数量
SELECT  @x.value('count(/Employees/Employee[2]/@*)','INT') AS AttributeCountOfSeconfElement
/*
AttributeCountOfSeconfElement
-----------------------------
4
*/
--如果不清楚节点名称可以用*通配符代替
SELECT  @x.value('count(/*/@*)','INT') AS AttributeCountOfRoot
    ,@x.value('count(/*/*[1]/@*)','INT') AS AttributeCountOfFirstElement
    ,@x.value('count(/*/*[2]/@*)','INT') AS AttributeCountOfSeconfElement
/*
AttributeCountOfRoot AttributeCountOfFirstElement AttributeCountOfSeconfElement
-------------------- ---------------------------- -----------------------------
1          3              4
*/
--返回没个节点的属性值
SELECT  C.value('count(./@*)','INT') AS AttributeCount
FROM @x.nodes('/*/*') T(C)
/*
AttributeCount
--------------
3
4
*/
--24.返回给定位置的属性值或者名称
DECLARE @x XML
SELECT @x = '

  
  
'
--返回第一个Employee节点的第一个位置的属性值
SELECT  @x.value('(/Employees/Employee[1]/@*[position()=1])[1]','VARCHAR(20)') AS AttValue
/*
AttValue
--------------------
dongsheng
*/
--返回第二个Employee节点的第四个位置的属性值
SELECT  @x.value('(/Employees/Employee[2]/@*[position()=4])[1]','VARCHAR(20)') AS AttValue
/*
AttValue
--------------------
13954697895
*/
--返回第一个元素的第三个属性值
SELECT  @x.value('local-name((/Employees/Employee[1]/@*[position()=3])[1])','VARCHAR(20)') AS AttName
/*
AttName
--------------------
QQ
*/
--返回第二个元素的第四个属性值
SELECT  @x.value('local-name((/Employees/Employee[2]/@*[position()=4])[1])','VARCHAR(20)') AS AttName
/*
AttName
--------------------
TEL
*/
--通过变量传递位置返回属性值
DECLARE @Elepos INT,@Attpos INT
SELECT @Elepos=2,@Attpos = 3
SELECT  @x.value('local-name((/Employees/Employee[sql:variable("@Elepos")]/@*[position()=sql:variable("@Attpos")])[1])','VARCHAR(20)') AS AttName
/*
AttName
--------------------
QQ
*/
--25.判断是XML中否存在相应的属性
DECLARE  @x XML
SELECT @x = ''
IF @x.exist('/Employee/@NAME') = 1
  SELECT 'Exists' AS Result
ELSE
  SELECT 'Does not exist' AS Result
/*
Result
------
Exists
*/
--传递变量判断是否存在
DECLARE  @x XML
SELECT @x = ''
DECLARE @att VARCHAR(20)
SELECT @att = 'QQ'
IF @x.exist('/Employee/@*[local-name()=sql:variable("@att")]') = 1
  SELECT 'Exists' AS Result
ELSE
  SELECT 'Does not exist' AS Result
/*
Result
------
Exists
*/
--26.循环遍历元素的所有属性
DECLARE  @x XML
SELECT @x = ''
DECLARE
  @cnt INT,
  @totCnt INT,
  @attName VARCHAR(30),
  @attValue VARCHAR(30)
SELECT
  @cnt = 1,
  @totCnt = @x.value('count(/Employee/@*)','INT')--获得属性总数量
-- loop
WHILE @cnt <= @totCnt BEGIN
  SELECT
    @attName = @x.value(
      'local-name((/Employee/@*[position()=sql:variable("@cnt")])[1])',
      'VARCHAR(30)'),
    @attValue = @x.value(
      '(/Employee/@*[position()=sql:variable("@cnt")])[1]',
      'VARCHAR(30)')
  PRINT 'Attribute Position: ' + CAST(@cnt AS VARCHAR)
  PRINT 'Attribute Name: ' + @attName
  PRINT 'Attribute Value: ' + @attValue
  PRINT ''
  -- increment the counter variable
  SELECT @cnt = @cnt + 1
END
/*
Attribute Position: 1
Attribute Name: NAME
Attribute Value: 土豆
Attribute Position: 2
Attribute Name: SEX
Attribute Value: 女
Attribute Position: 3
Attribute Name: QQ
Attribute Value: 5345454554
Attribute Position: 4
Attribute Name: TEL
Attribute Value: 13954697895
*/
--27.返回指定位置的子元素
DECLARE @x XML
SELECT @x = '

  
  
'
SELECT @x.query('(/Employees/Employee)[1]')
/*

*/
SELECT @x.query('(/Employees/Employee)[position()=2]')
/*

*/
--通过变量获取指定位置的子元素
DECLARE @i INT
SELECT @i = 2
SELECT @x.query('(/Employees/Employee)[sql:variable("@i")]')
--or
SELECT @x.query('(/Employees/Employee)[position()=sql:variable("@i")]')
/*

*/
--28.循环遍历获得所有子元素
DECLARE @x XML
SELECT @x = '

  
  
'
DECLARE
  @cnt INT,
  @totCnt INT,
  @child XML
-- counter variables
SELECT
  @cnt = 1,
  @totCnt = @x.value('count(/Employees/Employee)','INT')
-- loop
WHILE @cnt <= @totCnt BEGIN
  SELECT
    @child = @x.query('/Employees/Employee[position()=sql:variable("@cnt")]')
  PRINT 'Processing Child Element: ' + CAST(@cnt AS VARCHAR)
  PRINT 'Child element: ' + CAST(@child AS VARCHAR(100))
  PRINT ''
  -- incremet the counter variable
  SELECT @cnt = @cnt + 1
END
/*
Processing Child Element: 1
Child element: 
Processing Child Element: 2
Child element: 

SQL Server 中对XML数据的五种基本操作

1.xml.exist

输入为XQuery表达式,返回0,1或是Null。0表示不存在,1表示存在,Null表示输入为空

2.xml.value

输入为XQuery表达式,返回一个SQL Server标量值

3.xml.query

输入为XQuery表达式,返回一个SQL Server XML类型流

4.xml.nodes

输入为XQuery表达式,返回一个XML格式文档的一列行集

5.xml.modify

使用XQuery表达式对XML的节点进行insert , update 和 delete 操作。

下面通过例子对上面的五种操作进行说明:

declare @XMLVar xml = '

    
       Windows Step By Step
       Bill Zack
       49.99
    
    
       Developing ADO .NET
       Andrew Brust
       39.93
    
    
       Windows Cluster Server
       Stephen Forte
       59.99
    
'

1. xml.exist

select @XMLVar.exist('/catalog/book')-----返回1
select @XMLVar.exist('/catalog/book/@category')-----返回1
select @XMLVar.exist('/catalog/book1')-----返回0
set @XMLVar = null
select @XMLVar.exist('/catalog/book')-----返回null

2.xml.value

select @XMLVar.value('/catalog[1]/book[1]','varchar(MAX)')
select @XMLVar.value('/catalog[1]/book[2]/@category','varchar(MAX)')
select @XMLVar.value('/catalog[2]/book[1]','varchar(MAX)')

结果集为:

Windows Step By StepBill Zack49.99 Developer NULL

3.xml.query

select @XMLVar.query('/catalog[1]/book')
select @XMLVar.query('/catalog[1]/book[1]')
select @XMLVar.query('/catalog[1]/book[2]/author')

结果集分别为:


 Windows Step By Step
 Bill Zack
 49.99


 Developing ADO .NET
 Andrew Brust
 39.93


 Windows Cluster Server
 Stephen Forte
 59.99


 Windows Step By Step
 Bill Zack
 49.99

Andrew Brust

4.xml.nodes

select T.c.query('.') as result from @XMLVar.nodes('/catalog/book') as T(c)
select T.c.query('title') as result from @XMLVar.nodes('/catalog/book') as T(c)

结果集分别为:

Windows Step By StepBill …………
Developing ADO .NETAndrew …………
Windows Cluster ServerStephen …………
Windows Step By Step
Developing ADO .NET
Windows Cluster Server
set ARITHABORT on
DECLARE @x XML
SELECT @x = '

    1dongsheng@xxyy.com
    678945546
    36575
    36575

'
-- 方法1
select 1001 as peopleId, p.* FROM(
SELECT
  C.value('local-name(.)','VARCHAR(20)') AS attrName,
  C.value('.','VARCHAR(20)') AS attrValue
FROM @x.nodes('/*/*/*') T(C) --第三层
) as p
/*
1001  Email  1dongsheng@xxyy.com
1001  Phone  678945546
1001  QQ 36575
1001  Addr  36575
*/

/*
 解析XML存储过程
*/
ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[sp_ExportXml]
 @x xml ,
 @layerstr nvarchar(max)
AS
  DECLARE @sql nvarchar(max)
BEGIN
   set arithabort on
    set @sql='select p.* FROM(
    SELECT
        C.value(''local-name(.)'',''VARCHAR(20)'') AS attrName,
        C.value(''.'',''VARCHAR(20)'') AS attrValue
    FROM @xmlParas.nodes('''+@layerstr+''') T(C)
    ) as p'
  --print @sql
   EXECUTE sp_executesql @sql, N'@xmlParas as xml',@xmlParas=@x
END

DECLARE @x XML
SELECT @x =
'

    1dongsheng@xxyy.com
    678945546
    36575
    36575

'
EXECUTE sp_ExportXml @x,'/*/*/*'

希望本文所述对大家SQL Server数据库程序设计有所帮助。

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